The New Problem of Internet Addiction - 764 Words

With reference to relevant literature, identify and discuss a concern which has become a problem for users of the internet. Miniwatts Marketing Group (2009) stated that more than two billion people use the internet. The internet is a world wide web of computer networks, all linked to one another. The internet enables people to communicate almost instantly, research and access data or information, and is most commonly used for email. The popularity of email has almost seen the demise of postal services (Harris, 2007). This essay will argue that one concern for users of the internet is addiction, as millions of users become consumed in the habit, with severe cases of internet addiction resulting in death and violence. Internet addiction is a habit addiction, rather than a form of substance abuse. According to Kimberley Young it is â€Å"the world’s fastest growing addiction† (2009, p 2). Perhaps the reason for this is due to the many ways in which the internet can be used and how commonly accessible it has become in the home or office. For example, the internet can be used for online shopping, virtual gaming, social networking and aspects of the internet that are addictive. The concern with this is how the use of the internet is impacting on a person’s everyday living. Similarly to other forms of addiction, inappropriate use of the internet can result in lost employment, broken relationships, financial loss and even death. In an extreme case, a teenage addict killed hisShow MoreRelatedInternet Addiction1662 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Addiction Introduction While some media news and reports seem to be truthful in their effort to inform and educate the public regarding internet addiction, it is not surprising to see bad science and misinterpretation presented in others on the same issue. The media coverage of internet addiction is damaging and blowing the issue out of context. The widespread internet concern is reinforced and underpinned by media reporting about internet addiction and young people, characteristicallyRead MoreInternet Addiction1666 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Addiction is a problem more common in society as Internet usage is increasing. The prevalence of Internet use worldwide is increasing. Along with the benefits the Internet brings, problems of excessive Internet use is becoming apparent. As a result, along with drug and alcoholic addictions nowadays, there is one more – Internet addiction, last but not least. The opinions on the methods for the solution vary, because the problem was not studied enough. One of the solutions is to attend supportRead MoreThe Problem Of Internet Addiction1221 Words   |  5 Pagesexample of dependence on a source of technology is the use of the internet. People from all over the world depend on the internet for their everyday needs ranging from grocery shopping to entertainment. Our dependence on this resource increases daily. This dependence has caused side effects not foreshadowed with the internet. Now humanity is faced with reality of internet addiction. Just like any other addiction to drugs, internet addiction can ruin a person and their family. It disconnects people fromRead MoreEssay on Internet addiction1725 Words   |  7 PagesInternet and Video Game Addiction Internet addiction is a worldwide disorder that is oblivious to the technological age we live in. Since its inception in 1991 (Livingstone), the World Wide Web has only improved our quality of life. People don’t perceive online technology as a problem but as a solution to make our lives cheaper and efficient. As a working college student, my whole life is run on the internet. I use Facebook religiously to keep in-touch with my friends, I play Xbox Live to competeRead MoreInternet Addiction And Digital Dependency Among Young New Zealand Adults Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves while using the internet, whether it is for social media, educational or for business use. The internet is a large part of an individual’s daily life, particularly young New Zealand adults from the ages of 18 to 30 years old. Majority of individuals cannot go days or even hours without checking social media or using the some form of digital technology. This is has resulted in multiple clin icians, academics and even journalists claiming that there is a new form of addiction impacting societiesRead MoreThe Internet Addiction Disorder1152 Words   |  5 Pages An increasing problem streaming throughout the global society today is IAD or Internet Addiction Disorder. Our culture along with many others has been consumed with the ease and pleasure of shopping, gaming, and social networking through online portals to the point that it has become an overwhelming problem for some people. What Internet Addiction Disorder is exactly has been the topic of much debate and so has what makes internet addiction so addicting. IAD is a serious problem and is receivingRead MoreThe Influence Of Internet Addiction1053 Words   |  5 Pages The Influence of Internet Addiction Have you been though things such as you open up your laptop to do your work or study but ended up playing video games and surfing on internet? It is believed that a great amount of people feel like this. Nowadays, we live in a world with highly developed internet and electronic devices. Highly advanced internet make our life better, which is non-debatable, but there are also some drawbacks brought up by improper internet usage and one of the most influentialRead MoreIs Internet Addiction Disorder? Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages Internet addiction disorder, more commonly called problematic Internet use, refers to excessive computer use which interferes with daily life. Internet overuse, problematic computer use, or pathological computer use, problematic Internet use, or Internet addiction disorder. In the most recent version of the DSM-5, Internet Gaming Disorder is the latest term to describe this problem. History IAD was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M.D., in 1995, althoughRead MoreNegative Effects Of Internet Addiction935 Words   |  4 Pageswork or study but ended up playing video games and surfing the internet? It is believed that a lot of people feel like this. Nowadays, we live in a world with highly developed internet and electronic devices. The highly advanced internet makes our lives better, which is non-debatable, but there are also some drawbacks brought up by improper internet usage and one of the most influential symptoms is Internet addiction. Internet addiction affects people by causing the deterioration of the quality ofRead MoreInternet Addiction And Its Negative Impact1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Buzz about Internet Addiction and its Negative Impact Meta Description: The internet connects millions of people, providing information, entertainment and communication platform. HealthyHow2 is a leading resource for well-researched medical information. Internet Addiction The internet has become an integral component of our life, and this has greatly transformed the way we access information, communicate and do our work. Added to this fact, the internet is widely available in people’s homes

Nutrition And Its Effects On Health Essay - 1977 Words

As income increases, various people are finding it less time-consuming to purchase already prepared foods instead a home-cooked meal. With the increase in income, individuals are forgetting the importance of nutrition and its effects on our overall health. When it comes to nutrition, individuals should observe what are their inputs and outputs in order to maintain a healthy consumption balance. Through this constant observation, it can aid an individual in maintaining a balanced intake of foods. At the same time, it may help reduce the risk of obtaining an illness or disease. The observation can also assist you in understanding your health and assist you in asking assistance from a registered dietitian to help improve the diet. But, we cannot forget that nutrition works alongside physical activity and it needs to be accounted for to maintain a healthy diet. When one maintains a healthy diet, it can protect the health of the body from outside influences. In addition, to ensure that I consume the necessary amounts of the nutrients, I was asked to record a two week consumption of foods. It will help determine whether or not I have a healthy diet. This will help me evaluate my overall intake of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Before any documentation is done, I will hypothesize that I do not consume enough nutrients that are required to help my body function properly. Materials Methods In order to record and test the experiment, I used a Microsoft Excel Meal PlanShow MoreRelatedNutrition And Its Effects On Health933 Words   |  4 PagesJust as nutrition can have drastic effects on one’s physical health, nutrition can affect one’s mental health as well. The most common mental disorders that are prevalent in numerous countries are depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The dietary pattern of the general population in many countries reflect that they are often deficient in many nutrients, especially essential vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Deficiency in these vitamins canRead MoreNutrition And Its Effects On Health Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals are forgetting the importance of nutrition and its effects on our overall health. When it comes to nutrition, many individuals should observe what are their inputs and outputs in order to maintain a healthy consumption balance. Through th is constant observation, it can help an individual maintain a balance intake of foods. At the same time, it may help reduce the risk of obtaining an illness or disease. The observation can also help you understand your health and assisting you in asking help fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Nutrition On Health And Health955 Words   |  4 PagesHealth is a widely used term and every person’s definition of health and being healthy can be vastly different. There are many different ways to achieve good health and to be healthy, but one thing in common that is important no matter what, is nutrition. Nutrition greatly influences our health and can be detrimental in preventing or treating a disease. Prevention is crucial to stay healthy and free of illness and disease and nutrition plays a huge part in this process. Nutrition is important inRead MoreThe Effects Of Psychology On The Health And Nutrition World Essay1830 Words   |  8 Pagespossible minor in Psychology, I am interested in how psychology plays a role in the health and nutrition world. A concerning problem in health and nutrition is obesity. Obesity can be associated with a family history and most people associate it this problem with genetics. However, a part of psychology that provides an influence on obesity is stress, which can be triggered by many factors. Social position has a strong effect on stress of individuals in certain populations, specifically socioeconomicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Artificial Nutrition On Health Professionals981 Words   |  4 Pagesfluid and nutrition is needed for survival, many health professionals are currently going through an ethical dilemma of whether or not to provide artificial tube feeding for patients with terminal diseases. This ethical decision that affects health professionals must take into consideration the recent research that opposes ANH for this population. These studies have demonstrated that artificial nutrition provides higher risk of medical c omplications, increased pain, and false hope of health recoveryRead MoreThe Destruction Of Nutrition And Its Effects On The Environment And Human Health1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Destruction of Nutrition In the last two decades genetically modified organisms (GMO) have radically transformed the food and farming industry. With the use of constant animal testing and lab conducted research, scientists have yet to breach the exact effects of what gene manipulations actually are especially in a long term sense. With GMO manufacturing companies, such as Monsanto, marketing the use of GMO to be a groundbreaking, healthy and practical food developing source, eyes have beenRead MoreHuman Nutrition And Its Effects On The Health Of Obese People1335 Words   |  6 PagesHuman nutrition is one of the vital topics discussed in the fields of health, largely because a diet predicts the well-being of the human species. Recently, Americans have been eating a particularly hurtful diet, deficient in nutrients needed to maintain a healthy physiological state. A steady increase of obese and overweight people developed over the course of the last century to present day, and the issue has only recently g ained the attention of the public. The cause for concern is due to theRead MoreThe Effect Of Nutrition On Early Children s Development And Health2543 Words   |  11 PagesThe influence of nutrition on early child’s development and health Danuta Brodzinska ECE1700 - Advanced Curricula Professor: Eva May Tuesday, July 21, 2015 Research Essay Outline Introduction A) The importance of nutrition on child’s development and health †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 B) Malnutrition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Body paragraphs 1. Physical development †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 A) Important nutrients, vitamins and minerals for physical growth †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 B) Needed caloriesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Nutrition And Its Effects On Health And Well Being Through Randomized Experiment With Control And Treatment Groups3877 Words   |  16 Pages The proposed study aims to examine the relationship between nutrition and its effects on health and well being through a randomized experiment with control and treatment groups. There are several studies that research the relationship between nutrition and aging and show the promising affects. In this study, different types of nutritional diets will be examined and implemented in an intervention plan. Two plans will be implemented to cater to those of high and low socioeconomic status. OneRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Health On Sleep And Dreams1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Physical Health on Sleep and Dreams The human body and mind work together in a continual cycle of work and rest, there are many people who neglect their physical health, in turn neglecting their psychological health. Every action taken, no matter how significant or insignificant to the body during the working cycle or waking hours, has positive and negative effects on the resting cycle or recovery hours. Although, it is important to maintain the balance of proper nutrition, adequate

Nursing and Healthcare

Question: Discuss about predispose factors for domestic abuse and role of the public health nurse to prevent domestic abuse. Answer: Predispose factors for domestic abuse: Domestic violence is a form of behavior which involves conflicting violence against another person within the purview of different domestic relationships in the society such as marriage and intimate partner violence (IPV). As stated by Goldstein (2013), there are various forms of domestic violence such as physical, verbal, emotional, religious, economic and sexual abuse. Domestic violence may be understood as a coercive form of marital rape or physical abuse. As stated by Rosen (2013), alcohol and drugs are the main contributors of violent behavior. It has been observed that intoxicated individuals are less likely to have control on the impulses towards their partners. Alcohol and drugs influence the person towards the evil of domestic violence. As opined by Breiding, Chen and Black (2014), addicted individuals often lose their physical and psychological control and tend to become emotional. It has been observed that domestic violence has been increasing in the United States due to the social boundaries of gender and sexual orientation (Rosen, 2013). Moreover, the Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has affected many people in United States (Truman Morgan, 2014). More than 1.9 million women and 3.2 million men have faced physical assault in 2014 (Goldstein, 2013). According to the Department of Justice report 2000, of US, more than 22.1% of women and 7.5% men have been physically assaulted in cases of domestic violence (Rosen, 2013). On the other hand, poverty is another influential factor for domestic violence (Rosen, 2013). According to Truman and Morgan (2014), the young generation seems to be addicted to alcohol, drugs and pills which in turn lead to domestic violence. Often it is observed that the younger generation is attracted to heterosexual relationships and this in turn leads to dating violence. It has been noticed that some un-prevented infectious diseases such as AIDS, Cancer and other critical diseases have increased domestic violence in United States (Breiding, Chen Black, 2014). Role of the public health nurse to prevent domestic abuse: It has been observed that domestic violence is the largest cause of injury among women. It has been observed that more than four million women are assaulted by their partners (Rosen, 2013). Therefore, domestic violence portrays a sense of power, control and coercive behavior of an individual over another in a relationship (Goldstein, 2013). Therefore, the health and social care executives have observed that the main reasons for domestic violence is addiction to drugs and alcohol, un-prevented disease and psychological condition of the people. To understand this better, the health and social care executives and nurses have observed a report by the National Family Violence Survey. The health and social care executives have implemented a caring strategy as per the central ethic of caring and agenda of early intervention (Rosen, 2013). The nurses have taken care of the victims of abuse in domestic situation. It has been observed that violence has a profound impact on women and children. The healthcare nurses have arranged awareness projects presenting the ill effects of alcohol consumption and drugs. Healthcare nurses have given much concern to the safety of children (Breiding, Chen Black, 2014). These nurses have also provided psychological support to the affected women or men. The nurses hope that such support would decrease the fear or hate they have for their partners. Additionally, psychiatrists have also tried providing mental support to the patients so as to eliminate stress and depression in them. Reference list: Breiding, M. J., Chen, J., Black, M. C. (2014).Intimate Partner Violence in the United States--2010. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Goldstein, D. (2013).Laughter out of place: Race, class, violence, and sexuality in a Rio shantytown. Univ of California Press. Rosen, R. (2013).The world split open: How the modern women's movement changed America. Tantor eBooks. Truman, J. L., Morgan, R. E. (2014). Nonfatal domestic violence, 2003-2012.Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.

William Shakespeare`S Macbeth Essays (863 words) -

William Shakespeare`S Macbeth Character Sketch: Young Macduff a.k.a son In William Shakespeares Macbeth, an epic play about blood, glory and pride, Young Mcduff's tragic yet heroic lifestory is revealed. His father of course is Macduff, one of Scotland's most prestigous nobleman, and his mother is Lady Macduff. Macduff was very close to King Duncan and after his untimely death, he always had his suspicions about Macbeth. He chose not to join Macbeth's coronation and later fled Scotland as a traitor leaving his family alone in a ruthless and chaotic country that Scotland had become known for. These actions led to his family having to fend for themselves and eventually being killed by murderers sent by Macbeth. Young Macduff was killed by murderer's sent by Macbeth. This was Macbeth's attempt to essentially keep Macduff on his heels. This backfired because Macduff vowed to kill Macbeth, and as we all know he kept true to his promise. Moreover, Young Macduff only appears in the play briefly and it is in his own murder scene. He looks to be a young lad that is a little big for his age, and thus is treated more like a man by people he encounters. He is an average looking boy that dresses in earthy toned robes that represent his down to earth attitude. Young Macduff's character is one that is charcterized not by his appearance but more so by his inner being. Infact his name in the play's script is simply son. I feal this was Shakespeare truly giving Young Macduff a name that is a definition of his character. He is a son that shows great passion and love for his family and is driven to succeed largely in part to this passion. He is also witty, courageous, and intelligent, a potent combination not only for a child but for a man. Furthermore, young Macduff's intelligent and witt shines amazingly bright during his last conversation. When his mother tells him that his father was a traitor, and traitors are liars that get hanged by the honest men. He replies to Lady Macbeth by telling her that the traitors must be stupid because there are easily enough traitors to join and hang the honest men. Later he denounces his mother's statement that his father is dead by telling her that if his father truly had been killed she would be crying and since she was not crying it must be a good sign. Both these statements show Young Macduff's witt and intelect, but his most important characteristic is his courageous love for his family. Even when his own murderer's spoke ill of his father he snaped and insulted them by calling them shag-eared vilians. That leads me to his most courageous and significant line in the play. He has killed me, mother. Run away, I pray you! (IV,II, ll.90-91). This line shows the essence of his courag e and love for his family. Even while he is being brutally slayed he looks out for his family and want's them to be saved. He makes an emotional plea to his mother to flea for she is probably the next one to be killed. To continue, Young Macduff's greatest character traits are his intellect, his witt, his love for his family and his courage. These are simply the characteristics of a noble man who is just trying to do the right thing. Unfortunetly two of his best points are also his flaws. He loves his family to a flaw, and he is courageous to the same extent. He didn't have to stand up for his father and he didn't have to plea to his mother but he did and he was courageous enougjh to do it, even if it meant being killed in a much more brutal manor. Furthermore, Young Macduff is vital to the plot for it is his death that triggers Macdufff to kill Macbeth. Even deeper than that, Young Macduff represents Scotland and all that it can be as a witty intellectuall powerhouse, but more so, waht it is a nation mared in bloody chaotic confusion. You see Young Macduff is Scotland and Scotland is Young Macduff. Moreover, Young Macduff is a dynamic character in the physical sense. He is introduced than killed

The Historical Inaccuracies of Gangs of New York essays

The Historical Inaccuracies of Gangs of New York essays Martin Scorsese's Gangs of New York is a film that shows the squalor of the worst slum in New York City in the mid 1800's, Five Points. With ten Oscar nominations, it is arguably one of the greatest historical movies to date (Koban). But just how historically accurate is it? While some people think the movie does a great job of depicting the time period, historians say it lacks authenticity. This paper will discuss Scorsese's historical inaccuracies in the cinema. Two of the major settings in the movie were historically inaccurate. The opening scene contains a setting that is a massive catacomb like structure that has hundreds of people draped in rags with skulls and bones lying on the floor and other horrible conditions. But this structure couldn't have existed during the time period because Five Points was built on the site of the filled in Collect Pond (Snyder).The ground wouldn't have been stable enough to have such a structure exist. The other setting that adds to the historical inaccuracy is the building named The Old Brewery. The Old Brewery is depicted as a tenement house with wide open spaces to house immigrants. It is also used as the headquarters for Amsterdam Vallon's Dead Rabbits, the protagonist's gang. Even the screenwriter for the movie, Jay Cocks says the setting in the movie is merely what they imagined it would have looked like rather than being based on historical accuracy (Andbinder and Cocks). The catacombs and their th ousands of inhabitants in the movie were used by Scorsese to show how overcrowded the slums were during the time period. They were also used to depict the living conditions of the new immigrants, even if they were more dramatized in the movie than in real life (Chamberlin). The most interesting and inaccurately depicted character of the movie was the antagonist Bill the Butcher played by Daniel Day-Lewis. Bill the Butcher is based on an actual butcher from the period named Bill Poole (Wu). Bil...

Synonymy Definition and Examples

Synonymy Definition and Examples Pronunciation: si-NON-eh-mi Definition: The semantic qualities or sense relations that exist between words (lexemes) with closely related meanings (i.e., synonyms). Plural: synonymies. Contrast with antonymy. Synonymy may also refer to the study of synonyms or to a list of synonyms. In the words of Dagmar Divjak, near-synonymy (the relationship between different lexemes that express similar meanings) is a fundamental phenomenon that influences the structure of our lexical knowledge (Structuring the Lexicon, 2010). Examples and Observations The phenomenon of synonymy is a central interest for both the semanticist and the language learner. For the former, synonymy is an important member of the theoretical set of logical relations existing in language. For the latter, there is a good deal of evidence to suggest that vocabulary is often best acquired by analogy, in other words, remembered as being similar in meaning to previously acquired forms... In addition, what we might term definition through synonym is a central feature of most dictionary organisation (Ilson 1991: 294-6). For motives of stylistic variation, non-native learners and translators have a pressing need to find lexical alternatives to express a particular concept, especially in writing. Harvey Yuill (1994) found that searches for synonyms accounted for over 10 percent of dictionary consultations when learners were engaged in a writing task. However, given the rarity of absolute synonymy, learners also need to know which of the particular synonyms given by dictionaries and thesauruses is the most suitable for any given context.(Alan Partington, Patterns and Meanings: Using Corpora for English Language Research and Teaching. John Benjamins, 1998)​ The Productivity of Synonymy - The productivity of synonymy is clearly observable. If we invent a new word that represents (to some extent) the same thing that an existing word in the language represents, then the new word is automatically a synonym of the older word. For example, every time a new slang term meaning automobile is invented, a synonym relation is predicted for the new slang term (say, ride) and the standard and slang terms that already exist (car, auto, wheels, etc.). Ride does not need to be inducted as a member of the synonym set- no one has to say ride means the same thing as car in order for the synonym relation to be understood. All that must happen is that ride must be used and understood to mean the same thing as car- as in My new ride is a Honda.(M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon. Cambridge University Press, 2003)Synonymy, Near-Synonymy, and Degrees of Formality - It should be noted that the idea of sameness of meaning used in discussing synon ymy is not necessarily total sameness. There are many occasions when one word is appropriate in a sentence, but its synonym would be odd. For example, whereas the word answer fits in this sentence: Cathy had only one answer correct on the test, its near-synonym, reply, would sound odd. Synonymous forms may also differ in terms of formality. The sentence My father purchased a large automobile seems much more serious than the following casual version, with four synonymous replacements: My dad bought a big car.(George Yule, The Study of Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1996) Synonymy and Polysemy - What defines synonymy is precisely the possibility of substituting words in given contexts without altering the objective and affective meaning. Inversely, the irreducible character of the phenomenon of synonymy is confirmed by the possibility of providing synonyms for the various acceptations of a single word (this is the commutative test of polysemy itself): the word review is the synonym sometimes of parade, sometimes of magazine. In every case a community of meaning is at the bottom of synonymy. Because it is an irreducible phenomenon, synonymy can play two roles at once: offering a stylistic resource for fine distinctions (peak instead of summit, minuscule for minute, etc.), and indeed for emphasis, for reinforcement, for piling-on, as in the mannerist style of [French poet Charles] Pà ©guy; and providing a test of commutativity for polysemy. Identity and difference can be accentuated in turn in the notion of partial semantic identity.So polysemy is defi ned initially as the inverse of synonymy, as [French philologist Michel] Brà ©al was the first to observe: now not several names for one sense (synonymy), but several senses for one name (polysemy).(Paul Ricoeur, The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language, 1975; translated by Robert Czerny. University of Toronto Press, 1977)

How ABM Should Change Its Business in Order to Enter UK Case Study

How ABM Should Change Its Business in Order to Enter UK - Case Study Example On-demand/call center is used as alternative strategies to deal with the service delivery of the company. In this case, sites that have daily maintenance needs such as groceries are catered for on-demand basis. However, these ways of doing business may not be appropriate for the UK. This is because multinational business involves a shift from one geographical, cultural and political environment to another. One way in which this company needs to change the way it conducts its business is by avoiding the use of on-site service delivery mechanism in conducting its business. It should rather establish its subsidiaries in the UK near its target customers and offer customized services; offering services in line with the needs, desires, and preferences of its customers in the UK. This is due to the fact that the issue of distance matters in international business. In order for the company to prosper in the UK, given the issue of geographical distance, it may not be feasible for the company to establish the onsite business in the UK as the business operates from the US. The costs and barriers associated with distance make the company make potential losses. The company should also avoid the use of mobile maintenance because the UK is mainly characterized by industrial clustering. In this case, industries with similar industrial activities or within the same industry are located close to each other (Porter 20). Therefore, it is important for the company to avoid mobile maintenance and use other mechanisms that may enable it to offer to many customers within industrial clusters, e.g. many clusters located close to each other. If the company makes these changes in its business activities, it will still be able to make profits because it will be able to adapt to changes in international business. These changes will enable the company to maintain its business line while entering into new markets where new gaps and opportunities exist. As a result, the company will enjoy the benefits of expansion and economies of scale in international business. This includes the acquisition of the new and wider range of customers. In other words, the company will increase its market share. As long as the issue of change in international involvement is adapted to, profits are feasible. After all, international involvement requires a change in ways of business and if this is done appropriately then the business will definitely still make profits. 2. First Solar’s Multinational Business Context First solar company is a company that offers solar cells as its primary products. Its technology is characterized by CdTe thin-film technology which exhibits low-cost and moderate efficiency (Hallmon, Siegel and Burgelman 9). This technology is used in photovoltaic’s research and activities. The conversion rate of this technology is currently at approximately 11% which is expected to rise even more in the future. The good conversion efficiency of this technology has e nabled the company to increase the cost-effectiveness of its electricity production. This technology is also simple, and this has enabled the company to enjoy lower costs than its competitors. In terms of its market, the company has been involved in offering its products to markets which offer subsidies.

IB biology HL lab Investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate and Report - 1

IB biology HL Investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of leaves through the observation of floating leaf discs - Lab Report Example In this experiment, the aim is to investigate on the effects of sodium bicarbonate and the intensity of light on the photosynthesis rate in green spinach leaves through the use of floating leaf disks. Being autotrophic organisms, leaves depend on the photosynthesis process that occurs in a series of enzyme mediated steps to capture light and build energy rich carbohydrates. Leaves, when put under water undergo the light-dependent reaction process, thereby producing and releasing oxygen to their interior parts; thus, causing them to rise. However, during the same process, another process, cellular respiration, takes place and consumes the produced oxygen. Therefore, this implies that leaves must have provided the source of carbon that would allow for photosynthesis to take place (Renger, 2008). The available carbon dioxide coupled with the amount of light that the plant receives, the rate of photosynthesis is influenced. With the aspect of sodium bicarbonate arising from the CO2, it is predictable that the same would have an effect on photosynthesis rate. In this lab report, data shall be presented for the variables of the study in categories of control, dependent and independent variables. The data collected shall be in the form of number of disks that floated during the experiment when subjected under different intensities of light and solutions. The hypothesis is that when the green spinach leaves are exposed to higher light intensities in the presence of the sodium bicarbonate, less time will be taken for the leaf disks to float. This is for the reason that there is an increase in the production rate of oxygen during the photosynthesis process that the leaf disks undergo. Upon setting up an experiment in the recommended manner using all the laboratory materials and procedures, the following data was recorded in relation to the number of leaf disks that float to the top of

Macroeconomics - Globalisation Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomics Globalisation Essay For its supporters, globalisation describes a dream of opportunity and prosperity. For its opponents, it denotes a nightmare of greed and inequality Explain the term globalisation and the factors that may have contributed to the process. Globalisation can be defined as the integration of the worlds economies into a single international market, as local and national markets become incorporated into the global capitalist system of production with increasing interdependence. It promotes the free movement of labour, capital, goods, services, technology and management in response to markets around the world. The growth of markets in this manner is not a new, but a process that has seen the markets grow from a local scale to a national one during the Industrial Revolution and to an international scale by the end of the 20th century. The growth of international trade has been significant in furthering globalisation. During the Industrial Revolution, Britain had a significant comparative advantage as its advanced manufacturing technology allowed hugely improved transport through steamships and railway networks across its Empire. This opened up huge potential markets around the globe for British exports, at the same time making a huge range of goods from these new trading partners accessible to British consumers. Although comparative advantages have changed, this is a trend that has continued into the 21st century, with the rise of low cost air travel and other forms of transport becoming quicker, cheaper and further reaching. There is certainly incentive for this international trade driving globalisation has seen a rise in the trade of manufactured goods to $12 trillion in 2005, a hundred times greater than it was in 1955. Over a similar period, the industrialisation of LEDCs has also been significant. As systems of production in economies such as the Asian Tigers, including Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong, and increasingly the Tiger Cubs of Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia along with other NICs have advanced; their economies have become increasingly suited to manufacturing industries. Cheap labour costs in these countries encourage this development, which has been partly responsible for a new international division of labour. As production and trade of quaternary services such as research and development has increased in the three main areas of influence of North America, the EU and Japan, MNCs have increasingly looked to NICs to provide secondary industry, incentivised by low production costs and an increasingly welcoming attitude from national governments. Whilst restrictions still exist, this is particularly true in India, where rules that previously did not allow FDI are loosening and large firms such as Wal-Mart are seeing opportunities to access new markets, particularly in the IT sector. It is perhaps a result of this and other economic liberalising policies that India is seeing growth rates of 9%. Whilst the rise of globalisation has certainly seen a widening in participation in international trade not even the oil producing nations are, for example, energy independent, some economies are far more integrated in the global capitalist system of production than others. As many MEDCs specialise in the production of services, very little of their economies are left purely domestic. In contrast, however, the remaining non-industrialised LEDCs, such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa, have significantly less impact on the global economy. Trading in cash crops and similar primary goods, much economic activity in these nations is still domestic, with many farmers, notably, practicing subsistence farming to the point they have little to no involvement in the cash economy. Evaluate the view that, although globalisation has brought benefits to the UK economy, it has not been without significant costs. The process of globalisation has not continued without criticism. Clearly, there have been considerable benefits to the UK economy over several hundred years as a result of globalisation, but are there costs associated with the rise of the global economy and, indeed, are those costs now outweighing the benefits of an interdependent world? Globalisation has increased the competitiveness of UK markets. Competing in highly contestable markets, British firms face competition from abroad. A few large firms, between whom collusion very well may have occurred, as explained by game theory, had typically dominated domestic markets. As more firms entered the market, they erode larger firms market share with which they may have exercised monopoly power. Domestic firms are thus forced to become more productively efficient, producing at lower cost to compete with, for example, goods manufactured using cheap labour in South East Asia. Competition would also promote innovation so that in an economy with high labour costs, British industry could gain a comparative advantage over foreign firms. The effect of globalisation has thus been an influx of new goods and services combined with lower prices on existing goods, now of a better quality. Globalisation has therefore lead to a net gain in welfare for UK consumers. However, the realities of the situation are very different. Realistically, UK firms cannot compete in the manufacturing industry where economies with cheap labour have been deemed to provide unfair competition. The UK is a high labour cost country and thus at a comparative disadvantage which is effectively impossible to overcome, as demonstrated with the loss of the motor industry in the UK during the 1970s. Footloose capitalism has no preferred location, and as such will shift production to wherever costs are lowest. Globalisation has spurred the process of de-industrialisation, whereby employment in the manufacturing sector has fallen from 7.1 million in 1971 to 3.1 million in 2005, where the size of the UK labour force has in fact grown with rising participation rates. Many of these workers are either unskilled or have been trained to a specific task, making it difficult for them to find alternative employment, compounding the problem. The effects have not just been felt in manufacturing, but increasingly in the service section as IT booms in India and many firms opt for business process outsourcing. Surveys by Deloitte have shown that much of the UK population are deeply concerned about the outsourcing of white-collar jobs. Globalisation has lead to job losses in the UK, causing social distress and negatively affecting unemployment rates, an important economic performance indicator. The picture is not as bleak as it may seem, however. Unemployment rates in the UK remain low, and that generated can be viewed as frictional unemployment as other vacancies do exist. Government training schemes, such as free IT lessons under the auspices of Learn Direct also go a long way to combating structural unemployment as manufacturing workers can retrain for jobs in the quaternary sector. Whilst the UK has lost the majority of its manufacturing industries, a new international division of labour has emerged as the theory of comparative advantage shows that global production is increased if economies specialise in what they are relatively best at producing. The UKs specialisation in the service industry has lead to job creation and significantly increases in national output. Measured through real GDP growth, this rise in national output as a result of specialisation shows that globalisation has been in part responsible for economic growth. Augmented by the multiplier effect, this brings benefits to the whole economy. However, the direct economic benefits derived from globalisation have in fact widened spatial inequalities rather than benefited all, as impacts have differed between the regions. Under the international division of labour, there has been a greater emphasis on knowledge-based industry with the rise of the service sector, with 73.1% of national output in 2004 being in the service sector, compared to manufacturings 15%. Where benefits from these dramatic figured? Quaternary and knowledge-based services are concentrated around the M4 corridor the sunrise strip, and silicon fen, with R+D focused on science parks located around southern universities such as Oxford and Cambridge. These effects of de-industrialisation have created a north/south divide, as the north is traditionally home to the manufacturing industry. Northeast England never fully recovered from loss of traditional heavy manufacturing industries such ad shipbuilding. The consequential migration of workers to the south of England has placed pressure on resources and housing, whilst some northern areas such as Liverpool have seen a fall in population. This is allocatively inefficient resources are wasted whilst the necessary investment needed to deal with the new distribution of population has spurred further investment in the south, widening the north/south divide. In conclusion, the costs to the UK economy from the march of globalisation are highly significant, although their impact can be disputed when the importance of globalisation to UK economic development is considered. However, globalisation is not a process that can be reversed, halted or even slowed. The world is interdependent and will continue to be so, and the UK must be a part of it. International trade, the driving force of globalisation, is enormously important to the UK has been responsible for its position as a major economic power since the days of the British Empire. We have neither the resources nor the inclination to pursue a policy of economic isolationism, as the potential benefits from globalisation are huge. The best option, therefore, would be a cautious approach, devising strategies to tackle problems as they arise with a fundamental focus on sustainability.

Progressivism :: Teaching Education Essays

Progressivism Progressivists believe that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives. Therefore, the curriculum should be centered around the experiences, interests, and abilities of students. Teachers should plan lessons that arouse curiosity and push the students to a higher level of knowledge. In addition to reading textbooks, the students must learn by doing. Students should often leave the classroom for fieldtrips during which they interact with nature or society. Teachers should also stimulate the students' interests through thought-provoking games. Students should be encouraged to interact with one another and to develop social virtues such as cooperation and tolerance for different points of view. Also, teachers should feel no compulsion to focus their students' attentions on one discrete discipline at a time, and students may be responsible for learning lessons that combine several different subjects. Progressivists emphasize in their curriculum the study of the natural and social sciences. They believe that teachers should expose students to many new scientific, technological, and social developments, reflecting their notion that progress and change are fundamental. Students should also be exposed to a more democratic curriculum that recognizes accomplishments of women and minorities as well as white males. In addition, students should solve problems in the classroom similar to those they will encounter outside of the schoolhouse; they will learn to be flexible problem solvers. Progressivists believe that education should be a perpetually enriching process of ongoing growth, not merely a preparation for adult lives. They also deny the essentialist belief that the study of traditional subject matter is appropriate for all students, regardless of interest and personal experience.

Mandated Curriculum versus Developmentally Appropriate Practices Essay

I am writing this letter to discuss with all the members of the school board about some of my concerns with the new state-mandated textbook-based curriculum for kindergarten. As a parent I want only the best kind of education for my children and I feel that this new curriculum is not the best. The fact that you went with a new curriculum is disturbing to me because the developmentally appropriate practice that was our old curriculum was working great for our children. Developmentally appropriate practice or DAP for short is an approach to teaching that is grounded in the research of how young children learn and develop by using what is known about the effective use of early education in children (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2010). The framework of the DAP curriculum is designed to promote the optimal learning and development of young children (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2010). I believe that the developmentally appropriate program is the best form of education for my children because it supports the individual needs and interests of the children in accordance with what they are mentally and physically ready to learn (Jaruszewicz, 2012). The use of the new textbook-based curriculum is inappropriate because it does not support those needs. The children in our school system need to be able to learn at their own pace because if they are not ready to learn the information that the teachers are trying to teach them, then the children can lose interest in learning very fast. Meaning that the textbooks that you will be using in this curriculum cover a lot of information on any given subject but they do not cover the information on specific literature that is appropriate for the age of the children. This literature is very affective  in getting, keeping and maintaining the interest of our children and keeps them excited about learning the information. The children in your school system will not be able to learn the material and maintain their interest in learning with the use of your new textbook-based curriculum. If our children lose their interest in learning then it will be very difficult to teach them anything. Every child learns in a different way and this means that if you are trying to teach every child by textbook then some of the children are not going to be learning the material all the way. Do to the No Child Left Behind Act our children will not be able to have all the knowledge that they need when they are ready to graduate. This is something that we need to fix because we need to make sure that our children are learning everything that they will need to know to be able to succeed in college and life. So in conclusion I believe that we should go back to the old standards of teaching. The developmentally appropriate program is a great learning curriculum that is perfect for teaching kindergarten children. There are three core considerations of DAP that help with the teaching process for these young minds. These three considerations are to know about child development and learning, knowing what is individually appropriate, and knowing what is culturally important (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2012). If we continue to use these forms of teaching for our children then our children will learn all of the information that they need to know in order to be ready for grade school and then for their futures. References Jaruszewicz, C. (2012). Curriculum and Methods for Early Childhood Educators. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. National Association for the Education of Young Children. (2010). Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP). Retrieved from http://www.naeyc.org/DAP

Springfield nor’Easters Case Analysis

Johnkingsley Obasi AMBA650-The Springfield Nor'easters Case Analysis. Introduction. The city of Springfield, Massachusetts were blessed with the basing of a baseball minor league franchise in their city. But the class A team is faced with great revenue generation challenges that will make or mar the organization. The new team might likely take advantage of the fact that closest sports franchised teams are all located 90 miles away from Springfield. This might create a ticket and concession boom for the team and other benefits like employment and taxes for the city.The city has a considerable moderate family income and a recent growth index in the healthcare, financial, and other small and medium enterprise sectors is an advantage to the team's marketing and pricing strategies. The process of designing and implementing an effective and strategic pricing structure needs a deep understanding and knowledge of the consumer psychology and a successful pattern of setting, adapting and chang ing prices (Kotler & Keller, 2009). As a center to develop upcoming younger players, the franchise owner has an objective of making money from his baseball operations in the city.By having a successful financial breakthrough, the team will be able to finance itself and grow in a sustainable form to be competitive and profitable. The main task of this analysis is to present the best possible marketing and pricing strategies that will enable the baseball team make profit. As this organization struggles to with the pricing decisions, they embarked upon a survey to obtain an optimal pricing that will be based on the market response and reactions. Respondents will give them a helpful insight about the marketplace and possible consumer behaviors.Unfortunately, low number of respondents and inaccurate data posed another challenge. The Strategic Issues, Problems, And Other Factors Nor'easters Need To Consider Before Price Establishment. Demand considerations is critical to pricing tickets f or a base price. To begin with, management needed to build a demand for ticket sales based on extensive research. This will entail asking how many fans and non-fans would buy the teams ticket at a certain price. This exercise need to be done for various prices.Also, this survey or research could be done by doing a survey among the target tickets market. The best option, especially for a large business organizations like the Nor’easter is to employ the services of a marketing firm to carry-out the research for them. It is an imperative factor that companies must set a pricing structure when they are offering new products or services ( Kotler ; Keller, 2009). The demand price elasticity is an important factor to consider it simply states that consumers will play a role in determining how responsive to price the demand for the product is.Accurate figures can be obtained by research and mathematical calculations through simple steps. Under this situation you ask the effect of sli ght change in prices. If prices are offered at discount rates, then, price is increased then demand will expected to fall significantly as a result of that action. If luxuries goods are been sold, then demand will not respond that much to changes in price. The higher we see demand elasticity grow, the greater the growth volume will be as a result of possible 1% price reduction.When Nor'easters ticket demand goes elastic, that might warrant price-cutting to boost sales, especially cost of tickets productions and operating cost have not gone up in a disproportionate manner. Factor Number 3 that must be considered is cost. Cost here will include the cost of all borrowed capitals that have been invested in the business. Another cost to be considered will be operating cost. Every organization need to consider cost of their products or services are crucial. The issue is that a lot of small and medium business owners and managers have many times failed to do accurate price calculations.It is expected that price calculation should be done in order to work out the accurate cost of the entire process of offering a service or product to the marketplace. Every individual cost is expected to be calculated in relative terms to any type of cost. Fixed cost is cost occupies a larger magnitude in an organization's financial books and therefore, has very well defined value if you are producing or selling a product. To offer an intelligent pricing structure, Nor'easters and their management need to understand how their costs variations in different departments of their business works( Kotler & Keller, 2009).Environmental factor is another factor that Nor'easters must consider-Every business must take the environment factor into account for price policy establishment. They are in the category of constrictions that are carried out by the overall supervising office. Here, the commissioner for baseball has the regulatory powers and he can overrule some certain internal policies of a ny minor team that is in conflict with the core business objectives of the Major Baseball League (MLB). I strongly urge Springfield Nor’easters to consider this factor in the pricing policy and establishment of their organization. . A well defined problem is literally believed to be half solved. The minor baseball team in the Class A category is faced with the problem of earning reasonable revenue from sales of ticket that will empower their sound operations in Springfield. The issue of poor ticket sales could come alive with as a result of what happened to one of the minor league ice hockey teams that left the city. The team is constrained by the fact that only their players salaries, bats, and ball expenses paid by the major league teams. The minor league teams have to offset their other operating costs.In the event of failure to break-even and generate funds to pay for their other expenditures, the team would have to relocate to another city with better market opportunitie s. Concession sales would generate funds that will help offset the estimated $1. 96million operating budget, while the main partner- The Major League will contribute funds, the ticket sales is the key revenue generating source for the team. How to sell these tickets is the major problem for the team. A loyal fan base makes successful minor league baseball team(Cespedes, Winig, and Lovelock, 2009). . Analysis and evaluation. The SWOT Analysis: The city has two market segments for the sports ticketing business- namely-Loyal sports lovers that are willing to drive 90 miles to city of Boston to watch games and the second segment includes: Families, College Students, Little Leagues, and other sports lovers that do not commit absolute loyalty to any team but would love to watch games in their home city. Research shows that the market buyer behavior shows that game watchers need to be entertained in every games, thereby making the sports as an entertainment source.The act of the game provi ding a source of entertainment will surely draw fans repeatedly to the stadium for many season games if not all. Many families with minors are assumed to more likely attend many professional games in their home town. The case brief showed that about 23% had viewed baseball games on TV so it was an easy task to estimate a ticket sale from this segment. According to the survey provided in the case brief, 61% of the respondents in the city of Springfield had said that they might likely not attend a baseball game played by the minor league team.A high percentage rate of 31% indicated interest of being willing to pay $10 to see a game. Survey shows that the past 2 or 3 years, about 76% of the people interviewed had paid to watch a major league baseball game. Strengths: The target team segment of the team are the household with children of school-age under 18 years and other sport fans with loyal tendency. The team, according to survey had received positive responses from residents of the city, if those are authentic, the team will surely generate revenue that will keep them off the red zone.Springfield College has offered the team their stadium to use in exchange of package fees revenues. This has eliminated the cost of leasing a stadium . Another strength addition, $21,000 pledge from the city college and of $25,000 in sponsorship. The team has no product-market competitor in the city of Springfield. Weaknesses: There is a fundamental demographic issue as the city population is out-numbered by a working-class population that has no culture or tradition of going to the stadium to watch minor league baseball games. Ability to generate enough revenue to keep the team alive. expenses.Opportunities: The recent growth in the healthcare, financial, and entrepreneurship might create an new market and segment for the team. It is assumed that new opportunities will follow the new economic uplifting witnessed by the city in recent times would attract a new audiences and foll owership to professional sport games like minor league baseball. There is no existence of any competitor in the city that will share the market with the team , with this, any sports lover would be compelled to visit the matches of Nor'easters. Threats: Survey showed that 61% of respondents residing in the city would pay to see a game.There is a strong assumption that this huge number might influence many others. This is a potential threat that may cause the team ticket sales. Springfield is a city with poor tradition of going to see games. If this culture and tradition is not changed, it might pose a great threat to the existence of the team. Designing a pricing plan for Nor'easters . As marketing Director of the organization, Larry Buckingham embark on a market research with the intention of insightful outcome about the market and to explore and exploit ways of selling large number of tickets.The research was to enable him also to have a knowledge of who his possible and potential customers will be based on segmented ticket structure. The survey results and other information from various sources empowered Mr Buckingham to design a strategic pricing policy and establishment for his organization's concession and ticket sales. Based on data provision in the case brief, I have established from market research information show that two alternative pricing strategies that both offer strengths and weaknesses. Also some recommendations are offered based on the pricing strategies.From the survey data, assumptions made based on information from the case brief, more than 50% of the city population need to buy tickets for at least one game doing the season to enable Nor'easters generate revenues that can keep them on the break-even column. Even though 39% of the Springfield population exhibited interest to seeing baseball games as shown in the survey, this cannot be authenticated because of size of the sample used in the survey. By engaging communication and marketing, N or'easters can increase the percentage of residents willing to watch live games to more than 50%.However, considering to move to another city with high ticket-sales potential is a viable option, right? I personally do not think so. As Nor'easter and its management is faced with the process of designing the right pricing for all ticket levels and seats, the marketing director must take into consideration the fact that he is faced with very †price sensitive† customers. According to Baye et al (2005), â€Å"the application of innovative pricing strategies coupled with innovative management best practices is a perfect recipe for success in the marketplace†.As Nor'easters is seeking to hone in on an optimal prices for their seats, it is vital for them to watch the price sensitivities of their customers all through the seasons, as that will enable them adjust the dynamics of their ticket's markup from time to time. Data show that the median house income is low because m ajority of the city's residents are working class citizens. Survey data shows that more than 93% of residents interviewed have a household income of less than $75, 000 per annum.This means in simple grammar, single ticket do not have to be high and ticket discounts need to be incorporated in the pricing strategy for students, senior citizens and handicapped customers. Nor'easters' marketing plan has a key objective is to bring value-added entertainment to their baseball fans in the city of Springfield. This can only happen when the conducive atmosphere is provided during games. Such an electric atmosphere can mainly be provided by young energetic students with great enthusiasm for sports.Therefore, Larry Buckingham must consider this target group seriously and bring them to the games. With the students and families coming to watch games, concession sales will definitely increase reasonably. The appropriate price for Nor'easters regular season ticket will be very ideal at $10. The gr oup will include families with good income earning comparable to target groups like students and senior citizens. It is assumed that the set price level will not be a factor that could discourage target segment from going to watch baseball games (Kotler & Keller, 2009).As the most potential and lucrative target segment since the electrify the arena and thereby providing a fun atmosphere, their limited funds will be considered a weakness and need to enjoy large ticket discounts to retain their fan-base. I suggest that $6 will be appropriate price establishment for students. The appropriate price establishment for children will be $4 based on the fact that families coming to watch games with children will purchase a lot of concession items. This group is a potential target segment for Nor'easters.Section 3. The marketing director Buckingham, who is tasked with making the break-even of the total analysis while establishing a fan base that is loyal. Based on SWOT and STP analysis, Nor'e asters key target ticket segment will be households with school-age children of 18hyears and below and other sports lovers with consistent loyal. Based on this assumption, these alternatives have been designed. Nor'easters must establish the following: Pricing quantity, Pricing leader and discount markdowns.I suggest they participate in product ticket only, ticket bundling and ticket combinations. Larry Buckingham should carryout ticket promotions in schools backed by direct mail public media commercial. In consideration of the evaluation criteria which has ticket and concession sales as components, it is assumed that the markdown pricing strategy, ticket combination with products and direct mail in promotions will offer Nor'easters an economy that will add value goal of generating enough revenue.As all these facts have been carefully considered, adults tickets in the range of $6-$10, and half priced-tickets for children, family ticket's sale, free tickets and two coupons for conces sion products for customers on the mailing list, and a multiple game discount ticket and an efficient and effective monthly sales review and price adjustments are my recommendations. An Attempt to Calculate break-even point Cost is [email  protected] 3,150,000 70x + 3,150,000 = 160x 3,150,000 = 90 To calculate the individual break-point will be, X = 35,000 35,000 * 160 = 5,600,000.That is how the breakpoint revenue is obtained @ 60 load of the field -= 90*0. 6 = 54 Estimated Break-even point per each game= 35,000/54 = 648 approx Ticket [email  protected]$10 $10x = 70x + 3,500,000 X = 58,333 When the load is 60% level, 90*0. 6 = 54 Estimated Break-even people = 26, 250/54 = 486 based on approximation Incorporating new cost for 90 people will be: 160x = 90x + 3,150,000 Break-even persons will be X=45 [email  protected]% load capacity = 90*0. 7 – 63 Based on assumption, Break-even point here will be is 45,000/63 = 714 Profits after tax = 750,000Gross profit will be y: y-0. 3y=750,000 y = 1,071,429 approximated to be gross profit 1,071,429 = Sales of ticket – operational cost 1,071,429 = 205x-(85x+3,600,000) 1,071,429 = 205x-85-3,600,000 120x=4671,429 X = 38,929 capacity Assuming all ticketed seats occupied by 70% fans = 50x90x0. 7 = 3,150 Assumed seats occupied by extra loads= 50x90x0. 1 = 450 Estimated revenue earned per game (3,150Ãâ€"160)+(450Ãâ€"120) = 558,000 Variable cost incured per day = 70*36000 = 252,000 Income earned on daily basis = 558000-252000 = 306,000Income Generated per month = 306,000*30 = 9,180,000 My estimated profit earning = 9,180,000- 3,150,000 – 180,000 = 5850000 If load per car is 60%, it gives 90Ãâ€"0. 6 = 54 Break-even per month for fans will be, 175x = 70x +250,000 X represents fans. Therefore, X from the above equation will be = 2380 fans. Price adoption could be established based on a possibility of more than 2380 fans attending Nor'easters game on a given day. Recall, 120,000 = 175x – 70x -250,0 00 X = 3524 fans. At 60% capacity 90Ãâ€"0. = 54. References: Baye, M. , Gatti J, Rupert J. , Kattuman P, & Morgan J. (2007, Fall). A dashboard for online pricing. California Management Review, 50(1), 202-216. Retrieved September 23, 2009, from Business Source Complete. Cespedes, F. , Winig, L. , & Lovelock, C. , (2009) The Springfield Nor'easters: Maximizing Revenues in the Minor Leagues. Harvard Business School Kotler, P. , & Keller, K. (2009). A framework for marketing management (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Song for the Old Ones Essays

Song for the Old Ones Essays Song for the Old Ones Paper Song for the Old Ones Paper In the poem Song for the Old Ones Maya Angelou explores (QUESTION) by using the development of theme and the technique of imagery. Within this Maya Angelou poem she convincingly portrays the idea that her ancestors sacrificed themselves and accepted their oppression to keep their race alive: as she says they kept my race alive. Also the poem explores the different views of slavery. Angelous view on the subject is that her ancestors were extremely brave and she thanks them for enduring their hardships rather than pitying them as most people do. I think this indicates how convincing Angelous treatment of the subject slavery is because she is not frightened to express her own views and this emphasises what a serious subject it is. Another idea, depicted in the poem is the thought that Black slaves kept America afloat within the different industries and I feel if it were not for them, America would not be the success it is today; this is indicated in the poem by the lines Its our submission that makes the world go round. Throughout the poem Song for the Old Ones, I found there to be three strong themes oppression, slavery and sacrifice. Oppression is an issue which Maya Angelou describes in most of her poetry as well as this particular piece. She successfully portrays oppression by using effective word-choice such as Theyve laughed to shield their crying then shuffled through their dreams. This quotation shows that as Blacks were enslaved they will obviously have experienced a form of oppression; however, Angelou describes this oppression as being the worst kind a kind that steals your dreams. I feel this quotation has a great impact upon the poem as most people say no matter how unhappy you are, you will always have your dreams but Angelous ancestors did not even have those. The second theme within this poem is slavery. Slavery is the subject of this poem and one which Angelou deals with strongly. Throughout the poem she refers to the hardships her ancestors endured such as the chains and slaverys coffles, which effectively describes the slaves conditions. This particular quotation describes how the Black slaves were linked together while working and moving. The third theme is sacrifice. Within the poem Angelou speaks of her point of view on her ancestors slavery. The quotation that shred my fact and sound, is the line Angelou uses to express her views. She feels that people who are sympathetic towards the slaves lives are only touching the surface of the reasons why her ancestors sacrificed themselves. Angelou believes she should thank them, not sympathise with her ancestors because she understands why they sacrificed themselves, they kept my race alive. Maya Angelou uses imagery throughout the poem Song for the Old Ones to heighten the impressions the reader is given of slavery and oppression while reading the poem. The following metaphor, I feel gives the impression of long-lasting effects of slavery, even after it has ended the slats leave dents of darkness. This is an appropriate quotation that proves what I felt previously because as you become older, dents pressed into your skin while sitting on a bench stay for longer periods of time which indicates that the emotional and physical scars of slavery will stay with them forever. Within the poem there is one simile they nod like broken candles; this simile describes how a Black slaves spirit was broken because of the oppression they faced. I think Maya Angelous word-choice within this simile gives a simple comparison which allows a reader to understand a serious subject because the words Broken candles portrays a simple image and when candles are worn down, they break and are no longer of great use; which is how the Black slaves were treated. When they became overworked and burnt out they were replaced just like a candle would be. Also, this simile creates the visual image of old men with bent backs because the candles referred to in the poem were held together only by the wick and conveying the impression of the slaves being worked until they broke. Thirdly, throughout the times when Blacks were and still are being oppressed, their means of conveying pain was to write songs called the blues. Usually this type of music is relaxed and that is why the following quotation is so hard-hitting to write the blues with screams. The use of the word screams shows exactly how much suffering Blacks have faced and because they had been quiet for so long the pain had built-up and then developed into screams. In conclusion, within this analysis of Song for the Old Ones, I have explored (QUESTION) through Maya Angelous eyes. Angelou treats the subject of her ancestors slavery with great pride and she writes from her heart with her true thoughts and feelings coming through in the poem. This is why I find the treatment of this subject so convincing. Throughout this essay I have referred to the poem to describe the themes and use of imagery Angelou uses to create this feeling of oppression and times of endurance. I feel Angelou has successfully explored (QUESTION) within this poem by referring to past oppression which Blacks had encountered.

World Record for Fastest Wind Speed

World Record for Fastest Wind Speed Have you ever felt a strong gust of wind and wondered whats the fastest wind ever recorded on the surface of the earth? World Record for Fastest Wind Speed The fastest wind speed ever recorded comes from a hurricane gust. On  April 10, 1996, Tropical Cyclone Olivia (a hurricane) passed by Barrow Island, Australia. The equivalent of a  Category 4 hurricane at the time,  Ã‚  is 254 mph (408 km/h).   U.S. Highest Wind Before Tropical Cyclone Olivia came along, the highest wind speed measured anywhere in the world  was  231 mph (372 km/h) recorded at the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire on April 12, 1934. After Olivia broke this record (which was held for nearly 62 years) the Mount Washington wind became the second fastest wind worldwide. Today, it remains the fastest wind ever recorded in the United States and in the Northern Hemisphere;  the U.S. commemorates this wind record every April 12th on Big Wind day. With a slogan like Home of the Worlds Worst Weather, Mount Washington is a location known for having harsh weather. Standing at  6,288 feet, it is the highest peak in the Northeastern United States. But its high elevation isnt the only reason it regularly experiences heavy fogs, whiteout conditions, and gales: its position at the crossroads of storm tracks from the Atlantic to the south, from the Gulf, and from the Pacific Northwest makes it a bullseye for storminess. The mountain and its parent range (the Presidential Range) are also oriented north-south, which increases the likelihood of high winds.  Ã‚  Air is commonly forced over the mountains, making it a prime location for high wind speeds.  Hurricane-force wind gusts are observed at the mountains summit nearly a third of the year. but a perfect spot for weather monitoring which is why it is home to a  mountaintop weather station called the Mount Washington Observatory. How Fast is Fast? 200 miles per hour is fast, but to give you an idea of just how fast, lets compare it to wind speeds you may have felt during certain weather conditions:   blizzard winds blow at 35 mph or more;winds in a severe thunderstorm can gust in the 50 to 65 mph range;a weak category 5 hurricanes strongest sustained winds blow at 157 mph.   When you compare the 254 mph wind speed record to these, its easy to tell that that is some serious wind!   What about Tornadic Winds? Tornadoes are some of the weathers most violent windstorms (winds inside of an EF-5 can exceed 300 mph). Why then, arent they responsible for the fastest wind? Tornadoes usually arent included in the rankings for fastest surface winds because there is no reliable way to measure their wind speeds directly (they destroy weather instruments). Doppler radar can be used to estimate a tornados winds, but because it only gives an approximation, these measurements cannot be seen as definitive. If tornadoes were included, the worlds fastest wind would be approximately 302 mph (484 km/h) as observed by a Doppler on Wheels during a tornado occurring between Oklahoma City and Moore, Oklahoma on May 3, 1999.

Is Japan a Democracy, or Not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is Japan a Democracy, or Not - Essay Example They too are popularly elected for a term of six years. The eligibility age for a vote is 20 years. Japan is a Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government. It's post- World War II constitution was adopted on May 3, 1947. Universal adult suffrage with a secret ballot for all elective offices is followed. Sovereignty, previously embodied in the emperor, is vested in the Japanese people now. Japans current political system has something tangible to do with its defeat in the World War II. Subsequent to its occupation by the United States, the post-war constitution of 1947 is anti-militarist. Japan has no rights to wage war and it has no armed forces. A limited Self-defense Force exists. The Constitution of Japan was drawn up subsequent to its occupation by Allied Forces. As per the constitution, Japan is a democratic country. The Liberal Democratic Party is in power without break for more than 50 years. The Executive Branch: Before World War II, Emperor was hailed as divine. Now he is the ceremonial figurehead. The Prime Minister is appointed by him for a term of four years. The Cabinet Ministers are chosen by the Prime Minister and he can have a maximum number of 14 Ministers. Additional three special members are permitted. Half of the Cabinet Ministers must be from the members of the Diet. The Legislature Branch: This is named as Diet. Decisions are by majority vote and in special cases, a two-thirds majority is required. Of the 480 seats of House of Representatives, 300 are elected from single-member constituencies and 180 are elected from multi-member constituencies as per the system of proportional representation. The Sangi-in or House of Councilors has 242 seats. In every three years, only half of its membership is re-elected. Of them,73 are elected from 47 prefecture districts and 48 are elected from a nationwide list by proportional representation. The prefectures are not sovereign entities as compared to the States in the USA.

Public Sector Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Sector Accounting - Research Paper Example In respect to accounting there are differences in objectives of accounting process between public and private sectors. In addition, this paper identifies some of the critical differences in accounting between public and private sectors. Amongst such differences identified is measurement of performance through profits, as well as rate or return as in the case of private sector, which is lacking in the public sector. Other than the critical differences, this paper identifies accounting differences that emanate from the financial control aspect, whereas legislators or parliament financially controls public sectors, private sectors are financially controlled by the shareholders. Another important difference identified is the aspect of spending as public sectors unlike private sectors do not have a choice but to spend. Lastly, the paper identifies the auditing aspect of accounting, which differs in these two sectors in respect to its objectives. From the discussion, the paper concludes th at the differences in accounting stem from varied management and control aspects of public and private sectors. Introduction Public sector refers to national, regional and local governments, in addition to various institutional units that are governed and controlled by governments of different nations or economies. Private sector, on the other hand, is composed of institutions that are neither governed nor controlled by the government (Jorge, 2008). The management and control of such organizations lie in the hands of private individuals and not the government. Given the differences in management and control of the public and private sector, many other differences stem particularly with regards to operations, accounting, and investments. In terms of operations, whereas private sector is driven by the need to make profits, public sector is non-profit but is driven by ensuring that the citizens of a country obtain all the public goods and services at minimal costs (Kieso, Weygandt & Wa rfield, 2011). The following is an evaluation of the accounting differences between the public/government sector and private sector. Differences in accounting between the Public Sector/Government and Private sector Differences in accounting between the public and private sector stem from their management and control. Firstly, there are differences in the objectives of accounting between public and private sectors (Lienert, 2009). In private sector the objectives of accounting amongst other things include informing stakeholders about performance of the business, providing possible investors information, aiding management decision making, and increasingly informing regulators. Public sector on the other hand has different accounting objectives (Jorge, 2008). Amongst the traditional accounting objectives in public sector include providing financial summary, enabling a detailed comparisons of spending to be made with proposed budget, allowing identification of spending so as to ensure c ompliance with law and other legal authorities, and providing the basis for the next budget. Nonetheless, in the modern perspective this has greatly changed where public sector engages in accounting for the purposes of informing stakeholders, providing possible investors with creditworthiness information, aid in management, identifies assets and liabilities, as well as facilitates democracy transparency (Kieso, Weygandt

Individual Human Beings, Organisations, Groups and Artefacts Essay

Individual Human Beings, Organisations, Groups and Artefacts - Essay Example When companies’ performance in terms of product production is studied, then we say that the companies make the unit of analysis for that case. On the other hand, Artefacts comprises of books, poems, paintings, and evensongs, they also make up a unit of analysis. When one studies or learns about a certain book, then the book becomes a unit of analysis, since one’s aim will entail analyzing different aspects in the book (Downing & Clark, 2010). The ecological fallacy, emphases about clarity on the units of analysis, and how ambiguities lead to an error, the conclusions made from an analysis conducted at a group level may not relate at the individual level.   Equally, analyses at the individual level may not pertain to the group level analysis. Most important, the analysis should take place at the level where generalizations should be implied. For example, if a city as a unit of analysis, with most researchers, has the highest crime rates it does not mean that the resear chers commit the crimes, but they get drawn there for study purposes (Downing & Clark, 2010). Question two. The two models of explanation include the deductive explanation and the probabilistic explanation. The deductive explanation amounts to a deductive assumption of explanation under the principles with general laws and particular facts. It seeks to answer why things happen the way they happen or occur, by presenting that the episode resulted from a particular situation specified. An example of an inductive explanation could be the explanation why the handle of a spoon appears bent at a point where it emerges from a glass of water. Therefore, in this case the explanation would be deductively based under the laws of reflection and refraction to account for the appearance of the spoon. Hence, the deductive explanation involved forms universal theoretical principles (Downing, & Clark, 2010). The probabilistic explanation forms assertions to account that if certain specified circumst ances or situations occur, then the occurrence of such events must follow from the statistical probabilistic laws. Their occurrence does not invoke a universal law but rather generalization about its effect. It thus presupposes general laws of statistical nature, as opposed to universal held theories and principles. An example of the probabilistic explanation could be to infer why a patient heals after taking a given drug, say penicillin. This can be explained by presupposing a general link between the illness and the drug, and conclude that it is the drug that can heal the illness in a high percentage of situations (Downing & Clark, 2010). Question three Levels of measurement implies to the process or properties that define the measurement process itself. Therefore, most of the social phenomenon can be measured in any of the following levels of measurement: ratio, ordinal, nominal and interval. Using the ordinal and interval levels one can measure age, since age as a variable has a ttributes of exclusive and mutually inclusive categories. With ordinal, age can be ranked from the highest to the lowest. In addition, using the interval level, age can be grouped or classified into different age groups. Therefore, using the ordinal scale one can express income in monetary terms and that a single value can take different numbers. One could also use the interval scale, since income as a variable can be expressed as quantities, thus categorising and classifying it. Family size can

Replica Synchronization in Distributed File System

Replica Synchronization in Distributed File System J.VINI Racheal ABSTRACT The Map Reduce framework provides a scalable model for large scale data intensive computing and fault tolerance. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the I/O performance of the distributed file systems. The technique is used to reduce the communication bandwidth and increase the performance in the distributed file system. These challenges are addressed in the proposed algorithm by using adaptive replica synchronization. The adaptive replica synchronization among storage server consists of chunk list which holds the information about the relevant chunk. The proposed algorithm contributing to I/O data rate to write intensive workload. This experiments show the results to prove that the proposed algorithm show the good I/O performance with less synchronization applications. Index terms – Big data, distributed file system, Map Reduce, Adaptive replica synchronization INTRODUCTION The distributed environment which is used to improve the performance and system scalability in the file system known as distributed file system [1]. It consists of many I/O devices chunks of data file across the nodes. The client sends the request to the metadata server who manages all the whole system which gets the permission to access the file. The client will access the storage server which is corresponding to it, which handles the data management, to perform the real operation from the MDS The distributed file system of MDS which manages all the information about the chunk replicas and replica synchronization is triggered when any one of the replica has been updated [2]. When the data are updated in the file system the newly written data are stored in the disk which becomes the bottleneck. To solve this problem we are using the adaptive replica synchronization in the MDS MapReduce is which is the programming primitive , programmer can map the input set and obtaining the output and those output set send to the reducer to get the map output. In the MapReduce function it is written as the single node and it is synchronized by MapReduce framework [3]. In distributing programming models which perform the work of data splitting, synchronization and fault tolerance. MapReduce framework is the programming model which is associated with implementation for processing large data sets with distributed and parallel algorithm on a cluster of nodes. Hadoop MapReduce is a framework for developing applications which can process large amounts of data up to even multiple terabytes of data-sets in parallel on large clusters which includes thousands of commodity nodes in a highly fault tolerant and reliable manner. The input and the output of the MapReduce job are stored in Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). RELATED WORKS GPFS [4] which allocates the space for the multiple copies of data on the different storage server which supports the chunk replication and it writes the updates to all the location. GPFS keeps track of the file which been updated to the chunk replica to the primary storage server. Ceph[5] has replica synchronization similar ,the newly written data should be send to all the replicas which are stored in different storage server which is before responding to the client. Hadoop File System [6] the large data are spitted into different chunk and it is replicated and stored on storage servers, the copes of the any stripe are stored in the storage server and maintained by the MDS, so the replica synchronization are handled by the MDS, the process will be done when new data written on the replicas. In GFS [7], there are various chunk servers were the MDS manages the location and data layout. For the purpose of the reliability in the file system the chunk are replicated on multiple chunk ser vers; replica synchronization can be done in MDS. The Lustre file system [8], which is known for parallel file system, which has replication mechanism For better performance Mosa Store [9] which is a dynamic replication for the data reliability. By the application when one new data block is created, the block at one of the SSs is stored in the MosaStore client, and the MDS replicate the new block to the other SSs to avoid the bottleneck when the new data block is created. Replica synchronization is done in the MDS of MosaStore. The Gfarm file system [10] the replication mechanism is used for data replication for the reliability and availability. In the distributed and parallel file system, the MDS controls the data replication and send the data to the storage servers; this makes pressure to the MDS. Data replication which has the benefits to support for better data access was the data is required and provide data consistency. In the parallel file system [11], this improves the I/O throughput, data duration and availability by data replication. The proposed mechanism, according to the cost of analysis the data pattern are analysed a data replication is done, but replication synchronization is done in the MDS. In the PARTE file system, the metadata file parts can be replicated to the storage servers to improve the availability of metadata for high service [12]. In detail we can say that in the PARTE file system, the metadata file parts can be distributed and replicated to the corresponding metadata into chunks on the storage servers, the file system in the client which keeps the some request of the metadata which have been sent to the server. If the active MDS crashed for any reason, then these client backup request are used to do the work bu the standby MDS to restore the metadata which are lost during the crash. iii.PROPOSED SYSTEM OVERVIEW The adaptive replica synchronization mechanism is used to improve the I/O throughput, communication bandwidth and performance in the distributed file system. The MDS manages the information in the distributed file system which is split the large data into chunks replicas. The main aim of using the mechanism adaptive replica synchronization because the storage server cannot withstand the large amount of the concurrent read request to the specific replica, adaptive replica is triggered to the up to chunk data to the other related SSs in the hadoop distributed file system [13][5].The adaptive replica synchronization will be preformed to satisfy heavy concurrent reads when the access frequency to the target replica is greater than the predefined threshold. The adaptive replica synchronization mechanism among SSs intends to enhance the I/O subsystems performance. Fig 1: Architecture of replica synchronization mechanism A. Big data Preparation and Distributed data Storage Configure the storage server in distributed storage environment. Hadoop distributed file system consists of big data, Meta Data Servers (MDS), number of replica, Storage Server (SS). Configure the file system based on the above mentioned things with proper communication. Prepare the social network big data. It consists of respected user id, name, status, updates of the user. After the data set preparation, it should be stored in a distributed storage server. B. Data update in distributed storage The user communicates with distributed storage server to access the big data. After that, user accesses the big data using storage server (SS). Based on user query, update the big data in distributed storage database. By updating the data we can store that in the storage server. C. Chunk list replication to storage servers The chunk list consists of all the information about the replicas which belongs to the same chunk file and stored in the SSs. The primary storage server which has the chunk replica that is newly updated to conduct the adaptive replica synchronization , when there is a large amount of the read request which concurrently passes in a short while with minimum overhead to satisfy this that mechanism is used. D. Adaptive replica synchronization The replica synchronization will not perform synchronization when one of the replicas is modified at the same time. The proposed mechanism Adaptive replica synchronization which improve the I/O subsystem performance by reducing the write latency and the effectiveness of replica synchronization is improved because in the near future the target chunk might be written again, we can say that the other replicas are necessary to update until the adaptive replica synchronization has been triggered by primary storage server. In the distributed file system the adaptive replica synchronization is used to increase the performance and reduce the communication bandwidth during the large amount of concurrent read request. The main work of the adaptive synchronization is as follows: The first step is chunk is saved in the storage servers is initiated .In second step the write request is send one of the replicas after that the version and count are updated. Those SS update corresponding flag in the chunk list and reply an ACK to the SS. On the next step read/write request send to other overdue replicas .On other hand it should handle all the requests to the target chunk and the every count is incremented according to the read operation and frequency is computed. In addition, the remaining replica synchronization for updated chunks, which are not the hot spot objects after data modification, will be conducted while the SSs are not as busy as in working hours. As a result, a better I/O bandwidth can be obtained wi th minimum synchronization overhead. The proposed algorithm is shown in algorithm. ALGORITHM: Adaptive replica synchronization Precondition and Initialization: 1) MDS handles replica management without synchronization, such as creating a new replica; 2) Initialize [Replica Location] [Dirty], [cnt], and [ver] in Chunk List when the relevant chunk replicas have been created. Iteration: 1: while Storage server is active do 2: if An access request to the chunk then 3: / Other Replica has been updated / 4: if [Dirty] == 1 then 5: Return the latest Replica Status; 6: break; 7: end if 8: if Write request received then 9: [ver] ↠ I/O request ID; 10: Broadcast Update Chunk List Request; 11: Conduct write operation; 12: if Receiving ACK to Update Request then 13: Initialize read count 14: [cnt] ↠ 1; 15: else 16: /Revoke content updates / 17: Undo the write operation; 18: Recover its own Chunk List; 19: end if 20: break; 21: end if 22: if Read request received then 23: Conduct read operation; 24: if [cnt] > 0 then 25: [cnt] ↠ [cnt] + 1; 26: Compute [Freq] 27: if [Freq] >= Configured Threshold then 28: Issue adaptive replica synchronization; 29: end if 30: end if 31: end if 32: else 33: if Update Chunk List Request received then 34: Update chunk List and ACK 35: [Dirty] ↠ 1; break; 36: end if 37: if Synchronization Request received then 38: Conduct replica synchronization; 39: end if 40: end if iv.PERFORMANCE RESULTS The replica in the target chunk has been modified by the primary SSs will retransmits the updated to the other relevant replicas, and the write latency is which is required time for the each write ,by proposing new mechanism adaptive replica synchronization the write latency is measured by writing the data size. Fig:2 Write latency By the adaptive replica synchronization we can get the throughput of the read and write bandwidth in the file system. We will perform both I/O data rate and the time processing operation of the metadata. Fig.3.I/ O data throughput VCONCLUSION In this paper we have presented an efficient algorithm to process the large amount of the concurrent request in the distributed file system to increase the performance and reduce the I/O communication bandwidth. Our approach that is adaptive replica synchronization is applicable in distributed file system that achieves the performance enhancement and improves the I/O data bandwidth with less synchronization overhead. Furthermore the main contribution is to improve the feasibility, efficiency and applicability compared to other synchronization algorithm. In future, we can extend the analysis by enhancing the robustness of the chunk list REERENCES [1] Benchmarking Mapreduce implementations under different application scenarios Elif Dede Zacharia Fadika Madhusudhan,Lavanya ramakrishnan Grid and Cloud Computing Research Laboratory,Department of Computer Science, State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [2] N. Nieuwejaar and D. Kotz, â€Å"The galley parallel file system,† Parallel Comput., vol. 23, no. 4/5, pp. 447–476, Jun. 1997. [3] K. Shvachko, H. Kuang, S. Radia, and R. Chansler, â€Å"The Hadoop distributed file system,† in Proc. 26th IEEE Symp. MSST, 2010, pp. 1–10, [4] M. P. I. Forum, â€Å"Mpi: A message-passing interface standard,† 1994. [5] F. Schmuck and R. Haskin, â€Å"GPFS: A shared-disk file system for large computing clusters,† in Proc. Conf. FAST, 2002, pp. 231–244, USENIX Association. [6] S. Weil, S. Brandt, E. Miller, D. Long, and C. Maltzahn, â€Å"Ceph: A scalable,high-performance distributed file system,† in Proc. 7th Symp. OSDI, 2006, pp. 307–320, USENIX Association. [7] W. Tantisiriroj, S. Patil, G. Gibson, S. Son, and S. J. Lang, â€Å"On the duality of data-intensive file system design: Reconciling HDFS and PVFS,† in Proc. SC, 2011, p. 67. [8] S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff, and S. Leung, â€Å"The Google file system,† in Proc. 19th ACM SOSP, 2003, pp. 29–43. [9] The Lustre file system. [Online]. Available: http://www.lustre.org [10] E. Vairavanathan, S. AlKiswany, L. Costa, Z. Zhang, D. S. Katz, M. Wilde, and M. Ripeanu, â€Å"A workflow-aware storage system: An opportunity study,† in Proc. Int. Symp. CCGrid, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2012, pp. 326–334. [11]GfarmFileSystem.[Online].Available:http://datafarm.apgrid.org/ [12] A. Gharaibeh and M. Ripeanu, â€Å"Exploring data reliability tradeoffs in replicated storage systems,† in Proc. HPDC, 2009, pp. 217–226. [13] J. Liao and Y. Ishikawa, â€Å"Partial replication of metadata to achieve high metadata availability in parallel file systems,† in Proc. 41st ICPP, 2012, pp. 168–1.